Vitamin D deficiency is associated with different types of childhood obesity black and white

A recent study for publication in the Endocrine Society Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism (JCEM) accepted found that while black and white children with vitamin D deficiency both had fats in higher, black children were more likely, have in higher fat under their skin and white children were more common in higher fat between your internal organs.

Studies in adults and children have shown a link between obesity and vitamin D deficiency. Characterization of race differences in the relationship between obesity and vitamin-D data, in particular in the adipose tissue distribution are however limited. This study examined the differences in the relationship between vitamin D status, BMI, fat, fat distribution and lipid levels in healthy overweight and not obese 8-18 year-old black and white children.

"Vitamin D deficiency is rife in American youth, and there are some proposal in adults, that low vitamin D plays a role in the rising rates of type 2 diabetes can be." "It is possible same for youth with type can be true 2 diabetes", said Silva Arslanian, MD, the University of Pittsburgh and main author of the study. "Our study found that vitamin D in the higher and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), also known as good cholesterol, fat was associated with in both black and white children."

In this study, researchers measured vitamin D levels in 237 children and found the majority of the participants were vitamin D deficient. Plasma vitamin D levels were vice versa with BMI and fat levels and associated positively with HDL cholesterol in all subjects. Visceral fat (FAT between internal organs) D deficiency White was higher in vitamin and subcutaneous adipose tissue (FAT under the skin) equivalents is in vitamin D of deficient blacks compared with their respective vitamin D deficiency.

"In addition to therapeutic interventions, the high levels of vitamin D deficiency in youth, benefits of vitamin D optimization on fat, lipid profile correct levels and risk of type 2 diabetes must be explored," Arslanian said.

Other researchers are working on the study are: Kumaravel Rajakumar, Javier de las Heras and SoJung Lee of the University of Pittsburgh, Penn; and Tai Chen and Michael Holick from Boston University in Massachusetts.

In the article "Vitamin D status, obesity and lipids in the black American and Caucasian children," appears in the may of 2011, of JCEM issue.

Source:
Endocrine Society

source:medicalnewstoday

Cross-departmental working group seeks input on proposed voluntary principles for marketing food for children

In an effort to combat childhood obesity - the most serious health crisis facing today's youth - a working group of four federal agencies today released for public comment a set of proposed voluntary principles that can be used by industry as a guide for marketing food to children.

Led by former Sen. Sam Brownback and Sen. Tom Harkin, Congress directed the Federal Trade Commission, together with the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to establish an interagency working group of federal nutrition, health, and marketing experts to develop recommendations for the nutritional quality of food marketed to children and adolescents, ages 2 to 17. The working group seeks public comment on the proposed voluntary nutrition and marketing principles it has developed. After public comment, the working group will make final recommendations in a report to Congress. This is not a proposed government regulation.

The proposed voluntary principles are designed to encourage stronger and more meaningful self-regulation by the food industry and to support parents' efforts to get their kids to eat healthier foods. While the goals they would set for food marketers are ambitious and would take time to put into place, the public health stakes could not be higher. One in three children is overweight or obese, and the rates are even higher among some racial and ethnic groups.

"Children are strongly influenced by the foods they see advertised on television and elsewhere. Creating a food marketing environment that supports, rather than undermines, the efforts of parents to encourage healthy eating among children will have a significant impact on reducing the nation's childhood obesity epidemic," said Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. "These new Principles will help food and beverage companies use their creativity and resources to strengthen parents' efforts to encourage their children to make healthy choices."

"As a parent and grandparent, I know the power advertising and marketing can have on kids, and my hope is that the food industry will embrace thesevoluntary principles and apply them so parents can make informed decisions about the foods they feed their children," said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack.

"To their credit, some of the leading companies are already reformulating products and rethinking marketing strategies to promote healthier foods to kids. But we all have more work to do before we can tip the scales to a healthier generation of children," said FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz. "This proposal encourages all food marketers to expand voluntary efforts to reduce kids' waistlines."

The FTC has posted a request for comments on the proposed principles to its website. Interested parties will have 45 days to comment, during which timethe working group will hold a half-day forum to provide stakeholders with a chance to comment in person. The forum will take place on Tuesday, May 24, in Washington, D.C. Additional details about the forum will be provided soon. Public comments will be considered by the agencies before the final report is submitted to Congress.

The working group proposal sets out two basic nutrition principles for foods marketed to children. Advertising and marketing should encourage children to choose foods that make meaningful contributions to a healthful diet from food groups including vegetables, fruit, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat milk products, fish, extra lean meat and poultry, eggs, nuts or seeds, and beans. In addition, the saturated fat, trans fat, added sugars, and sodium in foods marketed to children should be limited to minimize the negative impact on children's health and weight. The working group proposes that industry strive to market foods by the year 2016 that meet the proposed nutritional principles and marketing criteria. For sodium, the proposal includes interim targets for 2016 and final targets for 2021.

The proposed principles are voluntary and do not call for government regulation of food marketing. They are an opportunity for food and beverage manufacturers, public health advocates, the entertainment industry, academics, and other stakeholders to provide comments that will inform the working group's final recommendations to Congress.

Members of the interagency working group will share responsibility for reviewing the comments on the proposed principles. Comments pertaining to the proposed nutrition principles, including those about the food categories identified in the principles, will be reviewed primarily by the CDC, FDA, and USDA. Comments relating to the marketing aspects of the recommended principles, as well as general comments, will be reviewed primarily by the FTC.

The Federal Trade Commission vote approving publication on the FTC website of the request for comments on the proposed principles was 5-0. The proposal was also cleared for public comment by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and by the Department of Health and Human Services on behalf of CDC and FDA.

Source:
HHS

source:medicalnewstoday

USDA Fund University of Arkansas of obesity interventions project

University of Arkansas scientists and educators attack obesity in a project, funded by a grant from $ 4.78 million for five years by the National Institute of food and Agriculture of the U.S. Department of agriculture.

The Institute recently announced financial aid to the community-wide project, "interventions for obesity prevention targeting young children in vulnerable environments: an integrated approach." The award was, by the Institute, agriculture and food research initiative competitive grants program funded.

Rudy Nayga will lead the project. He is Professor of agriculture and agri-industry in the u of A system statewide Department of agriculture and Professor Tyson in food policy economics in the Dale bumpers College of agricultural, food and life sciences on the Fayetteville campus.

"Our goals to improve the nutrition and healthy behaviors of children, especially those at risk for obesity, and equip, educators, child care providers and other practitioners to address the childhood of obesity crisis,", Nayga said.

Co directors who are several disciplines:

-Michael R. Thomsen, Associate Professor of agriculture and agri-industry, in the Department of agriculture and Dale bumpers College of agricultural, food and life sciences

-Elizabeth Howlett, Professor of marketing in the Sam M. Walton College of business, University of Arkansas

-Judith L. Weber, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, College of medicine and public health at the University of Arkansas for medical sciences and the Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute in little rock

-Leanne Whiteside-Mansell, teachers of family medicine at the University of Arkansas for medical sciences

Moore, Mardel Crandall and Vernoice Baldwin play other members of teaching staff in key roles are Cynthia in bumpers College School human environmental sciences. The Arkansas Center for health improvement is also a partner in the project with leadership by Kenley money and Tom Miyoshi.

"" Obesity is a complex and multifaceted problem,"said Nayga.""This project includes all aspects of crisis bring childhood of obesity innovative research and educational programs, which is designed to several complementary measures to the scale."

"The project identified the food environment characteristics that contribute to obesity and to the proposed intervention allows the most Atrisk for obesity to objectives, these children, said Nayga."The interventions are used to improve the nutrition of children, to encourage promotion of physical activity and other healthy behaviors. These interventions are woven into a comprehensive curriculum for use in head start, preschool and early elementary classroom. "

The project access to fresh fruit and vegetables on a farm-to-school direct sales network linking the local farmers this schools improved Nayga said.

"The project will develop a formal education program, so they have a better understanding of obesity and in a better position to the next generation of child care prepare to this crisis in the entire professional life, providers, early childhood teachers and other professionals career", Nayga said. Educational programs are spread human environmental sciences through the bumpers College School.

Nayga said that the project work with four stakeholder groups, including children from 2 years up to the first class; Adults who shape the environment for young children; Involvement of agencies and groups with food production, marketing, processing and distribution and nutrition in schools; Preparation for the career, the fight against of obesity students; and policy makers at the local, State and national level.

Source:
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

source:medicalnewstoday

CDC report highlights lack of healthy food environments for children

States can do more to improve food, the rules and measures to promote healthy diets and fight against obesity, according to a report by the Centers for disease control and prevention. The 2011 children food environment state indicator report also notes that the communities, childcare facilities and schools roles to play have.

"Obesity has tripled in the last 30 years," said CDC Director Thomas peace, MD, MPH, "This report underscores the need to make healthier choices easier for children and more accessible and affordable for parents."

Thirty-two States and the District of Columbia scored at or below the national average for the modified food retail environment index (mRFEI), a measure of the proportion of food retailers, sell the typically within a State of healthy food. Results can sell (no food stores, the usually healthy food sell) the usually healthy food ranging from 0 to 100 (only food retailers). States with lower mRFEI results have more food stores, such as fast-food restaurants and convenience stores, the less likely to be less healthy foods and less food retailers, such as supermarkets, which tend to sell to sell healthy foods such as fresh fruit and vegetables.

At national level the average mRFEI score was 10 State-by-State results ranged from heights of 16 in Montana and 15 in Maine to depths of 5 in Rhode Iceland and 4 in the District of Columbia.

The report shows that by December 2008, only a State Georgia adopted all of the following State licensing regulations for child care: sugar beverages, access to drinking water in the course of the day, and required limit TV and computer screen time limit. For CDC and other experts see the child care setting as an important opportunity, nutrition and physical activity to address problems.

One of these regulations had issued twenty-nine States while none had adopted 13 States and the District of Columbia.

49% Of middle and upper schools allows less healthy foods like sweets, drinks and fast food restaurants to the students on campus are announced. In Ohio allowed almost 70 per cent of the schools such advertising, while in New York City, only 24 percent of the schools allows it.

"To feed their children healthy eating at home, parents ready to memory access the affordable, healthy food, have to sell", said William Dietz, m.d., PhD., Director of CDC Division for diet, physical activity and obesity. "Parents want their children still in school or child care food." "This report highlights the actions that States communities, and individuals can improve food choices and influences children."

CDC supports a number of programs that help combat States, tribes and communities of childhood and adult obesity. The Agency funded to develop 25 State-based nutrition, physical activity and obesity programs and implement science-based interventions. The current focus changes create, that support healthy eating and active living in the Americans live, work, learn and play.

In addition, CDC implement Fund 23 State and territorial education coordinated school health programs, agencies and tribal governments to help, schools and school districts. This approach can increase the effectiveness of policies and programmes to promote the physical activity, nutrition, and tobacco-use prevention among students.

CDC communities putting prevention to the initiative work financed 47 communities, three tribes, all 50 States, district of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. territories tested strategies for the creation of healthier community environments use.

The 2011 children food environment state indicator report compiled data from a variety of sources, including setting prevent obesity in the child care: review State regulations and CDC school health profiles.

Source:
U.S. Department of health and human services

source:medicalnewstoday

In the fight against Pediatric obesity AgriLife focus to lead expansion of gardening childhood activities increase

The use of family can be aligned gardening in the fight against childhood of obesity, a growing trend with close to $5 million grant from the U.S. Department of agriculture a Texas higher education partnership.

The project, "Texas Grow!" Eat! Go!, "gardener, nutritionists, physical activity experts and public health leader of the Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A & M University and the University of Texas."

"We want to the effects of the test several programs on practices relating to obesity and tracking changes in obesity-related programmes," said Dr. Judy Warren, AgriLife Extension special initiatives co-ordinator and principal investigator.

"We together bring a multidisciplinary team of evaluation of the approach to determine whether the programs of obesity in children, changing the location are economical and sustainable are." "We coordinated school health program needs, build up in public schools."

A leading factor in the effort the AgriLife Extension junior Master Gardener program, which is that she showed children, more to the taste and how to grow vegetables, noted Warren.

"It is as much about nutrition facts (in the fight against of obesity) as it is nutritious food to children and enjoy they get," she said. "With experiential learning can effectively in improving the health-related behaviors in see and academic science, such as previous research on junior master gardener showed his." We also use to feet above Texas, fun, physical activity program, that AgriLife Extension for schools is available. "

She said that AgriLife Extension - with economy - a history has its pedagogical expertise in horticulture, nutrition, education, family resource management and Agriculture of "reach in the families" (with limited resources) in practical ways that can help to change lives for the better.

"We considered a comprehensive strategy, to participate in extension educators could the school leaders, volunteers and local AgriLife," added Warren. "We focus on the school community, get involved, the children in the school and the whole family in healthy food choices and more active together."

This project focus on families, schools and environmental change is a natural extension of the ongoing work relating to the prevention and control of obesity at the University of Texas School of public health and Michael and Susan Dell Center for healthy living, according to Dr. Alexandra Evans, United States of America.

"This study is based on our current knowledge about effective childhood obesity interventions and will provide hopefully evidence-based strategies for future projects." The Center team will lead all research activities for this project, "Evans said.

AgriLife Extension and the University of Texas in the project are Texas A &'m departments of Kinesiology and sociology, school of rural public health and the Institute of obesity research and program evaluation. The project will continue through 2016.

Source:
Kathleen Phillips
Texas A & M AgriLife communications

source:medicalnewstoday

Experimental drug weight loss seems to work: study (HealthDay)

Sunday, (HealthDay News)-obese patients who a high dose of an investigational weight loss pill called lost Qnexa on average 22 pounds more than a year, and at the same time reduce their cholesterol levels and blood pressure numbers, a new study has found.

Qnexa is a combination of two drugs: phentermine, the most widely used weight loss drug in the United States, currently under various brand names, as well as a generic. and topiramate (Topamax), known as a drug for epilepsy and migraine to facilitate.

Qnexa was recently as a weight loss help from the U.S. food and drug administration, refused because there not enough data on the risk of birth defects and heart problems in relation to the drug. Topiramate has been with women at increased risk for cleft palate, who took the drug born children combined.

The new study by Vivus, Qnexa's maker, suggest that "the combination of topiramate and phentermine if managed some lifestyle advice could be a valuable treatment for obesity,", said lead researcher Dr. Kishore Gadde, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the programme obesity clinical studies at Duke University Medical Center.

One reason for the significant weight loss is that these drugs by various mechanisms work, said Gadde. "In a treatment [with] the more mechanisms that you have there is a greater likelihood reach a large proportion of the patients, the type of weight loss, we hope," he said.

Also speculated the combination of drugs the side effect profile for each drug can change it. "The thinking behind the combination of drugs is that some of the side effects could actually raise," said Gadde. "Topiramate a stimulant, so that they negate the side effects of each other could be effects that fatigue and phentermine is."

Topiramate cause also mood swings can phentermine more uplifting, although he added.

The report is published in the April 11 online edition of the Lancet.

In this study multimedia center called cutters, assigned Gadde's team randomly almost 2,500 overweight and obese men and women, diet and exercise to advice alone or in conjunction with daily low - or high-dose Qnexa in pill form advice. During high-dose birth control pills 15 mg phentermine and 92 mg of topiramate include contained 7.5 milligrams (mg) of phentermine and 46 mg of topiramate, low-dose Qnexa.

Lost to 56 weeks patients to either dose of Qnexa significantly more weight than those who only in the consulting program researchers participated found.

Not in the drug combo had compared an average weight loss of 3 pounds, 18 pounds for those on low-dose Qnexa and 22 pounds for those on the high-dose Qnexa.

In addition, while 21 percent of respondents to the consultation alone was at least 5 percent of their weight, the numbers rose 62 percent of those polled on low dosed Qnexa and 70 percent for those with high-dose.

In addition the Qnexa saw reductions in their blood pressure, blood cholesterol, triglycerides (a blood fat) and blood sugar levels, Gadde's group, found.

The ideal candidate for this treatment obese and overweight people weighing their health impact, said Gadde.

"If you are looking for weight loss in patients, it should not for cosmetic reasons," he said. "Someone, obesity is an ideal candidate for weight loss [] has health risks."

Noted Gadde, that the weight loss seen was retained in the first year of study in the second year of the process.

Side effects occur in some patients, and were particularly common in the higher dose. In the high dose Qnexa most common side effects were dry mouth (21%), paresthesia or a feeling of "needles" (21%), constipation (17%), insomnia, nausea and distorted taste (10 percent).

Paresthesia is a common side effect of phentermine, Gadde mentioned, while the other side-effects on the likely topiramate are associated with.

In the taking of the drugs seemed to increase as the dosage given rose was found also an increased risk of depression and anxiety. About twice the number of people in the high-dose drug group consulting broke the researchers get the study when compared to people alone established.

"Side effects such as depression and anxiety is displayed, you must be careful," said Gadde. "These drugs to someone not type, which is clinically depressed," he added.

According to Gadde, there were no birth defects under each of the newborn, the 34 women who became pregnant while taking Qnexa in this study.

Ashley Buford, a spokeswoman for Vivus, said the company hopes to resubmit your application for the approval of Qnexa to the FDA by the end of the year.

The study, obesity expert Dr. David L. Katz, Director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of medicine, commented that "this study shows what had we to believe in cause: that weight loss of Office based consultancy Qnexa alone erleichtertsolange people take the drug."

However, the weight loss can he not be expected to, if use of the drug will stop, said.

"In addition we still white, whether Qnexa for long term or even lifelong use is safe, and can thus not yet say whether it is safe and useful for long term weight management," said Katz. "Other drugs, which have in the short term facilitate weight loss didn't translate, long-term use of safe and effective." This bar, that drug must disable a really useful weight loss, ", he said."

More information

More obesity, visit the U.S. National Library of medicine.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

PA weight loss doc charged with attack on women (AP)

CONSHOHOCKEN, PA: suburban Philadelphia weight loss doctor touched six patients inappropriate and at least one said that sex with him lose would help their unwanted pounds, said authorities in charge of doctor with indecent assault.

Arie, Oren, 64, of Narberth, made unwanted sexual advances on patients in the clinic Conshohocken said weight control authorities. He appeared on $ 100,000 bail after his arrest Monday in several ways, as well as the aggravated indecent indecent assault. Phone messages were immediately returned links not Tuesday by the associated press at a home list for Oren and his Office. Be lawyer a request for comment back immediately.

Between September and December 2010, police reported several female patients that she incorrectly prosecutors said the binary representation of Oren while been touched their weight loss sessions, Montgomery County. Oren often masked his progress as "fat burning massages," authorities said.

"To help with weight loss go as follows for a woman to a doctor, this is such a personal matter, and then have the doctor sexually touch, try their kiss, such personal comments, which is only a complete betrayal doctor should do what" Montgomery County District Attorney Risa Vetri Ferman said at a press conference, after the Philadelphia Inquirer.

Oren was in trouble with the law before. Mid-90's he pleaded insurance fraud guilty to two years in prison and sentenced to three years probation and to pay $272,000 in restitution, according to court documents.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Rising obesity add arthritis woes in United States (HealthDay)

rising rates of obesity among the 50 million concern Americans with arthritis being overweight with increased problems for patients with arthritis, a new study says.

In people with arthritis obesity with progression of the disease, reduced activity, disability, poorer quality of life, is joint replacement and bad results total after joint replacement.

The US Centers for disease control and prevention of researcher behavioral study analysed risk factor surveillance system data from 2003 to 2009 and found that obesity was 54% higher than in adults without arthritis prevalence among adults with arthritis.

During this time of obesity prevalence among U.S. adults with arthritis strongly decreased in 14 States and Puerto Rico, in the District of Columbia and remained about the same elsewhere.

The number of States where more than 30 percent of adults with arthritis were obese increased from 38 (including D.C.) in 2003 to 48 in 2009. The number of the States in which more than 40 percent of adults with arthritis obese from 0 (zero) were increased in 2005 to seven in 2007 and 12 in the year 2009, the investigators found.

The median State of obesity prevalence among adults with arthritis rose from 33.2 per cent in 2003 to 35.2 per cent in 2009. In 2003, prevalence ranged from 40.1 per cent in Ohio to 25.1 per cent in Colorado. In 2009, prevalence ranged from 43.5% in Louisiana to 26.9% in Colorado.

Select you urgently the results is required, expand programs to prevent obesity in patients with arthritis, and to promote treatment and management of the disease, the researchers said.

The study appears in the April 29 edition of the morbidity and mortality weekly report, published by the CDC.

In the United States, about 50 million adults have arthritis and 72.5 million adults overweight. Estimated annual cost of medical care are $128 for arthritis and $147 billion for obesity.

More information

The US National Institute of arthritis and muskuloskelettale and skin diseases has more about arthritis.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Tall, obese men more vulnerable for leg clots: study (HealthDay)

men who are big and obese face a much higher risk for the development of potentially deadly blood clots, although overall the risk is quite small according to a new study.

The researchers report that extra weight and additional inch appear together, increase the risk more than either alone.

"Young and obese men had more than a five-fold higher risk, compared to short and lean men," said co-author warning study, Sigrid k. Braekkan, which to avoid the vertical and horizontal gifted sit too long in one place.

Women are also a higher risk if they are large and obese, but only as highly alone a problem not looks to be, the study found.

The blood clot result, that a State known as deep vein thrombosis, which long best known as an affliction, the passengers on flights aircraft that might not have much chance to move strikes. Immobilization of the legs can help the condition.

Other causes are more likely injuries and a genetic condition that people power blood to clot. "And there are some people who seem to get blood clots if they obviously have no clear risk factors," said Dr. Victor Tapson, Director of the Center for pulmonary vascular disease at Duke University.

Although to start the blood clot in the leg, they can move into lungs, where they can cause a fatal pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism is the name of the two conditions-deep vein thrombosis and Lungenembolien--together describe.

In the new study, published online April 28 in arteriosclerosis thrombosis and vascular biology collected research data on 26,714 people from 1994 to 2007, including 461 reports of venous thromboembolism.

Obese and tall human-they upload at least six meters - had the risk of a blood clot compared five times more than normal weight men shorter than 5 feet 7 inches. The risk was three times higher for women who were overweight and at least 5 feet 6 inches than normal weight women shorter than 5 feet 3 inches.

The increased risk of high people appears to be its circulatory system to the. "The distance for blood again is longer on the heart and lungs," said Braekkan. "Because the blood to be pumped pump upwards against the force of gravity by the calf muscles can the greater distance reduced flow in the legs and, thus, higher risk of blood clotting lead."

He said, that obesity pressure in the abdomen causes, the possibility of the pump, blood in the body send calf muscles, you back up that may hinder.

However, the study revealed that the risk of developing blood clots low, even for the high and remained obese.

But what should be large and obese people to reduce their risk even more? Can shed pounds, is the best thing to do to avoid situations where you want to move not for a long time, Tapson said.

Try in the narrow space of an aircraft, "only move your legs, moving your legs, on your toes up and down and helps to keep your feet your calf muscles," he said. It is also a good idea to keep hydrated (and alcohol on the front does not help). Some people use elastic stockings, although Tapson, it can be troublesome said, if it the legs of crimping.

More information

The US national heart, lung and Blood Institute has more on deep vein thrombosis.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Overweight, differences in care help drive U.S. deaths: studies (HealthDay)

 while the rate of stillbirths in the United States has fallen in recent decades, this tragic result is still a reality for far too many couples, experts say.

As part of a series of studies in the Lancet published online April 14, researchers report, can that be a leading cause of stillbirth in the United States obesity, which can raise the risk for fetal loss.

Obese women are more common diabetes and the main author of the paper, Dr. Robert L. Goldenberg, Professor of obstetrics and Gynecology at Drexel University College of medicine in Philadelphia noted high blood pressure and "two of the most important causes of stillbirth, are". "But women are obese for reasons that are unclear, above about diabetes, hypertension, still rather have a stillborn [than thin women]."

Restrictions on access by women of to good obstetric supply-especially for the poor or minority maternal-is another important factor. "My estimate is that, if access to a very good one-third to half of deaths in the United States had all women eliminated be could," Goldenberg said.

The definition of stillbirth different from country to country. In the United States, it is usually defined as fetal loss to at least 20 weeks of pregnancy, while the World Health Organisation at 28 weeks or later defined as fetal death.

Stillbirths are still widely used in less wealthy countries. In fact, the problem makes more than 2.6 million fetal deaths per year worldwide. 98 Percent occur in low-income countries, but also experience richer countries including the United States, many stillbirths each year researchers say.

"Stillborn none receives the focus, that it deserves the because it a great pregnancy result, which has been neglected" Goldenberg said. "In the United States each year over 27,000 deaths there," he added. "It is so often a bad result as infant mortality, and it is much more common than AIDS infected babies."

Still, stillbirths not often data is recorded in the infant mortality rate, Goldenberg said. Moreover, in the United States, one remains great differences in the number of deaths between black and white women, he said much higher risk with black women. There are similar differences between urban and rural women and poor and wealthy women.

"It disadvantaged women tend more to have deaths," said Goldenberg. "This is mainly due to the access to health care."

Dr. Cathy Spong, Chief of the pregnancy and Perinatology branch at the U.S. National Institute of child health and human development, and author of an accompanying Journal editorial, said that the differences in stillbirths seen the same, that is to see results in other unwanted pregnancy.

She said these inequalities "not only in stillbirth, it occur in premature birth and occurs also in the infant mortality rate". "So, as you consistent disparity see conditions in pregnancy, and the bad things that can happen to you."

The good news is that in the last 30 years a substantial reduction in there deaths in the United States, Goldenberg said. "Fifty years, stillborn 50 per 1,000 births, day was that it is between three to six per 1,000," he said.

"We have done very well, but there is still more to do." Goldenberg, said. He said "It above all on good obstetric care, most women in the United States to obtain". "But women who don't have access to timely care have as much a fourfold increased risk of stillbirth.".

Stillbirths occur after the Goldenberg "Major disasters" die usually during work. Including bleeding, seizures, longer work, or the baby can not getting enough oxygen. He said "most of these terms and conditions easily be resolved in a good hospital". "Women who have no access to hospitals are much more likely to have a still birth."

In other wealthy Nations, such as Norway, Sweden and Denmark, the deaths are about half the rate in the United States, Goldenberg said.

Goldenberg noted a stillbirth a psychological toll on the mother and the family can take.

"Every woman, pregnant is a vision and a hope on a live baby has", he said. "A stillbirth occurs the wife and family are often devastated, but because in many places, there is no recognition of death no is the normal way of mourning, would happen if you lost one live child" he said.

"Most women show the baby you, which by chance not dead, born to be, which did not exist there," added Goldenberg. The mother and family should be encouraged to grieve for life and not to hide, he said.

"If it is hidden the women has a chance to work through it," Goldenberg said.

In addition to advice, many hospitals which keep mother of the baby and name ihn-- real, to promote the child, Goldenberg said. "Family members will be prompted to confirm that this is a birth and death: this was a kid," he said.

In summary, Goldenberg listed three important messages about stillbirth: it is an important pregnancy result, the attention on; must be avoided, it is for the most part, and "If it happens, it is fault not the woman's."

More information

For more information about stillbirths, visit March of Dimes.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Further guidance on such as gastric bypass surgery combats diabetes (HealthDay)

Wednesday, April 27 HealthDay News)-gastric bypass surgery has been known to improve blood sugar control, sending people with type 2 diabetes often in remission, but experts have long wondered exactly like that happens.

Now, a new study provides some guidance.

Circulating amino acids dramatically linked discovered researchers with insulin resistance decline in those who have the bypass operation. Compare 10 obese people with diabetes, which had the operation with 11 who lost weight by diet.

"Something after gastric bypass that not happening so much after the diet induced weight loss happens", said Dr. Blandine Laferrere, Associate Professor of medicine at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center and Columbia University, both in New York City.

The study is published in the April 27 issue of science translational medicine.

The transition between the stomach and intestines changes the operation, which reduces the stomach to the size of a small bag. It leads to a drastic reduction in the level of circulating amino acids, which are associated with diabetes.

"The fact that the gastric bypass causes the remission of sin, diabetes in the majority of patients not new", said Laferrere. To go background information in the study of 50 to 80 percent of diabetes cases in remission after surgery.

What have doctors trying to figure out, she said therefore the bypass surgery is so good to make that diabetes disappear. "The diabetes almost immediately improved before a significant amount of weight loss occurs," she said. "That it underlined is something other than weight loss."

In the new study, researchers reviewed biochemical compounds of metabolic reactions in the participants involved. Each group had lost about 20 pounds.

The investigators found that the bypass patients had referred to much lower levels of amino acids as branched-chain amino acids, and the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.

"These changes in the amino acids in the mechanism of diabetes remission may be involved after gastric bypass," said Laferrere.

Experts know that the amino acids with insulin resistance are partially linked through animal studies, she said. "If you supplement the diet of rats with branched-chain amino acids, you more insulin resistance can cause," she explained.

Laferrere said the finding does not mean however that all obese people with diabetes should choose surgery on diets. The operation is very invasive, she mentioned, and not everyone is a candidate.

While fascinating, she said the results are, it is too early to their application on diabetes treatment. Finally, she added, after experts, understand more about the effects that the amino acids, can operation it possible, the results of development to apply diabetes treatments or a less invasive surgery be better.

The new study adds to the weight of other research will find a link between the decline of branched-chain amino acids and the decrease in insulin resistance, said Dr. Thomas j. Wang, Associate Professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and co-author of the perspective to accompany the study.

"It is known that the gastric bypass quickly insulin resistance, which is one of the most important biochemical anomalies that precedes diabetes," said Wang.

He said "This study really helps to confirm this hypothesis, go below more people branched-chain amino acids that have the weight loss surgery,". While support gives you the idea that there is a connection between the decline of the amino acids and the decrease in insulin resistance, not proves it still cause and effect, Wang added.

"It shows that people, the weight loss surgery have received a larger drop in their branched-chain amino acids." What is still to be proven is whether this decline of branched-chain amino acids is the reason rejects their insulin resistance, "he pointed out."

Wang and his co-author, Dr. Robert Gerszten, is a co-inventor on patent applications related to metabolite predictors for diabetes.

Wang and Gerszten also stressed that the number of obese people diabetes was worldwide 171 million in the year 2000 with type 2. This number is expected to double by 2030. She wrote, a detailed understanding of the role of amino acids in diabetes would be so valuable.

More information

To learn more about gastric bypass surgery, please visit the U.S. National Library of medicine.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Why see overweight people makes us more, not less food (time.com)

Viewers of the biggest loser would probably agree that the weight loss show it nourishes with inspiration. The obese participants fight makes us motivated to eat better, exercise and lose weight. Turns out, this premise is only half right - at least according to a study that finds that people are actually more to see overweight can eat.

"See, someone, the overweight to a temporary decrease in a person takes his obligation or their health goal felt," wrote the authors study Margaret C. Campbell and Gina S. Mohr of the University of Colorado at Boulder (the by the way the most active city in the United States).

(More on time.com: girl, you are so not dick!) (Power "Fat Talk" everyone feel better?)

But why? It has to do with the stereotype "Activation", says the study. If people attached are exposed to members of the groups that have, good or bad - stereotypes like fat people eat much, or Asians are good at math - they will likely act in a manner that corresponds to this stereotype. "For example," write the authors, "college students on general knowledge after exposure with Professor increases results questions, but reduced after exposure to a model." This is true, also, and even if the stereotypical behaviour is negative, if it goes against the person, the own values.

This theory is in line with a phenomenon that recent studies the "contagion effect" of obesity, which suggests have determined that people who fat have friends tend to gain weight. Political scientist at University of California, San Diego reported time on the ground-breaking study in 2007 by Dr. Nicholas Christakis, Professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and James Fowler,:

according to their analysis, if a study of participant's friend became obese, the first participant had 57% chance getting obese even. Pairs of people in which everyone identified the other as a friend when a person is overweight, the other 171% had likely following suit. "You are, what you eat is not the end of the story," says Fowler. "You are what you and your friends food."...

The obvious question is, why? Spouse sharing meals and a backyard, but the researchers found much smaller risk of weight gain - an increase of 37% - if one spouse was obese. Siblings sharing genes, but its influence also much smaller, each of other risk increased 40%. Fowler believes the effect has a lot to do more with social norms: who we are, if appropriate social behavior into account. With fat friends makes bold seem more acceptable. "Their spouse may not, that which you are to look decide the person, what kind of body image is installed, how much to eat or how much exercise," says Fowler. Nor do we necessarily compare us to our brothers and sisters. "We can choose our friends" says. "We understand you our to choose families."

(By the way, works the contagion effect also with weight loss, stop smoking, and happiness, Christakis and Fowler found.)

(More on time.com: what is looking for food looks like in the brain)

The current study suggests, another reason for the effect - activation of social stereotypes versus confirmation of social standards - which means that you need not close social network people overweight on your behaviour affect. Even a glance of an unknown overweight person - that happens more than you probably find, bearing in mind that 67% of the US population meet the clinical definition of overweight or obesity - trigger behaviors such as overeating stereotype obesity could.

Campbell and Mohr together a series of five experiments to determine the impact of the mere sight of overweight people. In the first researchers recruited people go through a lobby on the campus, and showed them pictures of an overweight or normal weight women, or a lamp. The respondents, average age 25, were asked to evaluate photos for a future studies (a task Sham) and then self-help were allowed from a bowl of candy as "Thank you" for their time.

(More on time.com: special report: overcoming obesity)

Those who saw the photo of the overweight woman took significantly more candy (an average 2.2 piece) than those who saw the normal-weighted woman or the lamp (an average 1.5 units).

Subsequent attempts of the researchers involved in "cookie taste tests." Participants were overweight in the first experiment first with photos of people or primed normal weight or a neutral image such as a tree. Then they were presented to asked (but up to eight) cookies on a plate cookies by at least wine tasting. People who themselves saw pictures of the overweight woman ate significantly more cookies than those who were exposed to the thin woman. The difference stopped regardless of sex or weight of the participants.

Interestingly, however, certain factors which the fat was disturbed person induced eating. One was images of overweight people actually use food. Although participants ate more cookies by using simple portraits of overweight people see it, ate it less food obese displayed. The difference is that the former State only a stereotype - probably unconsciously - while the latter more clearly is a link between food and weight. "Weight for attention distracted by the person, it will be necessary,", the researchers write. ("" When a consumer considers membership (for example), "this person is overweight" stereotype), stereotype effect on... "Behave partially be can."

(More on time.com: top 10 most dangerous foods)

Another way of researchers KEP people from eating more: simply they remember their own health goals. When study participants were asked to write about their health goals for three minutes (versus about their State of origin) before eating cookies, she ended up eating the same amount regardless of whether they a portrait of a woman, overweight or thin displayed.

The researchers, whose Studie of consumer research was published in the journal "the ?ndings of our research are consistent with the spread of obesity through social networks," Castle. "People see, close social bonds both personally and in photos, the people with whom they have." "If others include overweight are, our research suggests that stereotype activation to increased food consumption relative to the could lead if others are close healthy weight since only to see that someone can increase overweight food."

(More on time.com: study: obese workers cost employers $73 billion per year)

The author's advice for staying on track: could receive admonition. Conscious personal health goals before the can sit down on your, please refrain from overindulging food to avoid.

View this page on time.com

Most popular on time.com:

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Heavily overweight teenager No. depressed more than slender peers (HealthDay)

Tuesday, April 26 HealthDay News)-stark overweight teenager should not exceed their peers normal weight are printed new research suggests.

"People assume that all obese young people are unhappy and depressed;" "that which more obese a teen, the greater the impact on his or her mental health, may be", said study author Dr. Elizabeth Goodman, Director of the Center for child and adolescent health policy of Massachusetts General Hospital hospital for children, in a press release. "Our findings suggest that this assumption is wrong."

White young people may face but a bit of a higher risk, according to the study.

Researchers followed 51 teenager in class strongly overweight 7-12 and compared them to a similar group of not overweight teenager. The obese young people had a body index of 40 or above, which is considered heavily obese and in the top mass 1 percent for their age group.

Teens were evaluated for depression at the beginning of the study and two and three years later.

The researchers found no link between obesity and depression, although it evidence of a connection in white youth in the year of three.

"As a clinician, we treat the whole person-body, and mind - and we can not assume that weight loss of all of our patients improved mental health, or that negative feelings run hand in hand with obesity," Goodman said. "Body size seems to have a greater effect on feelings of non-Hispanic white teens as non-Hispanic black teenagers." "We should be especially vigilant on evaluation for depression during regular visits under this group."

The study was published before recently online journal of adolescent health.

More information

For more information about childhood obesity, visit the U.S. National Library of medicine.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Further guidance on such as gastric bypass surgery combats diabetes

By Kathleen Doheny
Wednesday, April 27 HealthDay News)-gastric bypass surgery has been known to improve blood sugar control, sending people with type 2 diabetes often in remission, but experts have long wondered exactly like that happens.
Now, a new study provides some guidance.
Circulating amino acids dramatically linked discovered researchers with insulin resistance decline in those who have the bypass operation. Compare 10 obese people with diabetes, which had the operation with 11 who lost weight by diet.
"Something after gastric bypass that not happening so much after the diet induced weight loss happens", said Dr. Blandine Laferrere, Associate Professor of medicine at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center and Columbia University, both in New York City.
The study is published in the April 27 issue of science translational medicine.
The transition between the stomach and intestines changes the operation, which reduces the stomach to the size of a small bag. It leads to a drastic reduction in the level of circulating amino acids, which are associated with diabetes.
"The fact that the gastric bypass causes the remission of sin, diabetes in the majority of patients not new", said Laferrere. To go background information in the study of 50 to 80 percent of diabetes cases in remission after surgery.
What have doctors trying to figure out, she said therefore the bypass surgery is so good to make that diabetes disappear. "The diabetes almost immediately improved before a significant amount of weight loss occurs," she said. "That it underlined is something other than weight loss."
In the new study, researchers reviewed biochemical compounds of metabolic reactions in the participants involved. Each group had lost about 20 pounds.
The investigators found that the bypass patients had referred to much lower levels of amino acids as branched-chain amino acids, and the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.
"These changes in the amino acids in the mechanism of diabetes remission may be involved after gastric bypass," said Laferrere.
Experts know that the amino acids with insulin resistance are partially linked through animal studies, she said. "If you supplement the diet of rats with branched-chain amino acids, you more insulin resistance can cause," she explained.
Laferrere said the finding does not mean however that all obese people with diabetes should choose surgery on diets. The operation is very invasive, she mentioned, and not everyone is a candidate.
While fascinating, she said the results are, it is too early to their application on diabetes treatment. Finally, she added, after experts, understand more about the effects that the amino acids, can operation it possible, the results of development to apply diabetes treatments or a less invasive surgery be better.
The new study adds to the weight of other research will find a link between the decline of branched-chain amino acids and the decrease in insulin resistance, said Dr. Thomas j. Wang, Associate Professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and co-author of the perspective to accompany the study.
"It is known that the gastric bypass quickly insulin resistance, which is one of the most important biochemical anomalies that precedes diabetes," said Wang.
He said "This study really helps to confirm this hypothesis, go below more people branched-chain amino acids that have the weight loss surgery,". While support gives you the idea that there is a connection between the decline of the amino acids and the decrease in insulin resistance, not proves it still cause and effect, Wang added.
"It shows that people, the weight loss surgery have received a larger drop in their branched-chain amino acids." What is still to be proven is whether this decline of branched-chain amino acids is the reason rejects their insulin resistance, "he pointed out."
Wang and his co-author, Dr. Robert Gerszten, is a co-inventor on patent applications related to metabolite predictors for diabetes.
Wang and Gerszten also stressed that the number of obese people diabetes was worldwide 171 million in the year 2000 with type 2. This number is expected to double by 2030. She wrote, a detailed understanding of the role of amino acids in diabetes would be so valuable.
More information
To learn more about gastric bypass surgery, please visit the U.S. National Library of medicine.

source:Weight Loss -Nutrition

Why see overweight people makes us more, not less food (time.com)

Viewers of the biggest loser would probably agree that the weight loss show it nourishes with inspiration. The obese participants fight makes us motivated to eat better, exercise and lose weight. Turns out, this premise is only half right - at least according to a study that finds that people are actually more to see overweight can eat.

"See, someone, the overweight to a temporary decrease in a person takes his obligation or their health goal felt," wrote the authors study Margaret C. Campbell and Gina S. Mohr of the University of Colorado at Boulder (the by the way the most active city in the United States).

(More on time.com: girl, you are so not dick!) (Power "Fat Talk" everyone feel better?)

But why? It has to do with the stereotype "Activation", says the study. If people attached are exposed to members of the groups that have, good or bad - stereotypes like fat people eat much, or Asians are good at math - they will likely act in a manner that corresponds to this stereotype. "For example," write the authors, "college students on general knowledge after exposure with Professor increases results questions, but reduced after exposure to a model." This is true, also, and even if the stereotypical behaviour is negative, if it goes against the person, the own values.

This theory is in line with a phenomenon that recent studies the "contagion effect" of obesity, which suggests have determined that people who fat have friends tend to gain weight. Political scientist at University of California, San Diego reported time on the ground-breaking study in 2007 by Dr. Nicholas Christakis, Professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and James Fowler,:

according to their analysis, if a study of participant's friend became obese, the first participant had 57% chance getting obese even. Pairs of people in which everyone identified the other as a friend when a person is overweight, the other 171% had likely following suit. "You are, what you eat is not the end of the story," says Fowler. "You are what you and your friends food."...

The obvious question is, why? Spouse sharing meals and a backyard, but the researchers found much smaller risk of weight gain - an increase of 37% - if one spouse was obese. Siblings sharing genes, but its influence also much smaller, each of other risk increased 40%. Fowler believes the effect has a lot to do more with social norms: who we are, if appropriate social behavior into account. With fat friends makes bold seem more acceptable. "Their spouse may not, that which you are to look decide the person, what kind of body image is installed, how much to eat or how much exercise," says Fowler. Nor do we necessarily compare us to our brothers and sisters. "We can choose our friends" says. "We understand you our to choose families."

(By the way, works the contagion effect also with weight loss, stop smoking, and happiness, Christakis and Fowler found.)

(More on time.com: what is looking for food looks like in the brain)

The current study suggests, another reason for the effect - activation of social stereotypes versus confirmation of social standards - which means that you need not close social network people overweight on your behaviour affect. Even a glance of an unknown overweight person - that happens more than you probably find, bearing in mind that 67% of the US population meet the clinical definition of overweight or obesity - trigger behaviors such as overeating stereotype obesity could.

Campbell and Mohr together a series of five experiments to determine the impact of the mere sight of overweight people. In the first researchers recruited people go through a lobby on the campus, and showed them pictures of an overweight or normal weight women, or a lamp. The respondents, average age 25, were asked to evaluate photos for a future studies (a task Sham) and then self-help were allowed from a bowl of candy as "Thank you" for their time.

(More on time.com: special report: overcoming obesity)

Those who saw the photo of the overweight woman took significantly more candy (an average 2.2 piece) than those who saw the normal-weighted woman or the lamp (an average 1.5 units).

Subsequent attempts of the researchers involved in "cookie taste tests." Participants were overweight in the first experiment first with photos of people or primed normal weight or a neutral image such as a tree. Then they were presented to asked (but up to eight) cookies on a plate cookies by at least wine tasting. People who themselves saw pictures of the overweight woman ate significantly more cookies than those who were exposed to the thin woman. The difference stopped regardless of sex or weight of the participants.

Interestingly, however, certain factors which the fat was disturbed person induced eating. One was images of overweight people actually use food. Although participants ate more cookies by using simple portraits of overweight people see it, ate it less food obese displayed. The difference is that the former State only a stereotype - probably unconsciously - while the latter more clearly is a link between food and weight. "Weight for attention distracted by the person, it will be necessary,", the researchers write. ("" When a consumer considers membership (for example), "this person is overweight" stereotype), stereotype effect on... "Behave partially be can."

(More on time.com: top 10 most dangerous foods)

Another way of researchers KEP people from eating more: simply they remember their own health goals. When study participants were asked to write about their health goals for three minutes (versus about their State of origin) before eating cookies, she ended up eating the same amount regardless of whether they a portrait of a woman, overweight or thin displayed.

The researchers, whose Studie of consumer research was published in the journal "the ?ndings of our research are consistent with the spread of obesity through social networks," Castle. "People see, close social bonds both personally and in photos, the people with whom they have." "If others include overweight are, our research suggests that stereotype activation to increased food consumption relative to the could lead if others are close healthy weight since only to see that someone can increase overweight food."

(More on time.com: study: obese workers cost employers $73 billion per year)

The author's advice for staying on track: could receive admonition. Conscious personal health goals before the can sit down on your, please refrain from overindulging food to avoid.

View this page on time.com

Most popular on time.com:

Two drug obesity-effective treatment: study (AFP)

PARIS (AFP) - led a new treatment for obesity, two existing drugs combined the only long-term anti-obesity twice as much weight-loss drugs, according to a study released Monday approved.

A mixture of phentermine and topiramate, was sold under the brand name of TOPAMAX, shown in clinical studies, to be twice as effective as orlistat, which is commercialized in some countries as xenical or Alli said.

The drug combo seems additional health benefits, including improved "marker" or you have added indicators for blood pressure, sugar, fats and inflammation.

Phentermine drug in the United States is the short term to the most common prescribed weight.

Topiramate is an antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of epileptic seizures and migraine approved. It has been shown that to work well for weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes aber-- alone-has been taken also cognitive and psychiatric side effects.

Lower doses with a controlled release mechanism, and in combination with other drugs taken would probably reduce these side effects, tests have shown.

Headed by Kishore Cadde of the Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, North Carolina, adults with at least two large health risk conducted the new study on 20 months with almost 2,500 overweight or obese symptoms.

The patients were divided into three groups.

One received a daily dose of 7.5 mg phentermine and 46 mg of topiramate, while a second group or 15 and 92 of the same medication, mg was given.

Look-alike placebos got the third group.

56 Weeks of treatment 8.1 kilos (18 pounds) group 10.2 kg (22 pounds) fell to the low-dose group, the average while you highly dosed shed.

Patients given placebos lost 1.4 kg (3.0 lb).

Overall, 62 percent of the patients of low-dose lost at least five percent of body weight, while 70 percent in the high-dose cohort of the same threshold exceeded.

Patients given placebos 1.4 kg (3.0 lb), with 21 percent barking lost five percent of their total weight.

The two-drug treatment was tolerated physically, well with only sporadic cases of dry mouth and constipation, according to the study, published by the Lancet is.

The high dosed group, but showed a higher drop-out rate due to the cognitive and psychiatric side effects.

Stomach 'Pacemaker' could be new weight-loss tool? (HealthDay)

Thursday, April 7 HealthDay News)-Silke Zeigler was with "Yo-yo" in their struggle to maintain a healthy body weight diets fed up.

"The first realization was that diets did work not and actually the things even worse, as I after the diet the weight that I would lost back on," said Zeigler, 26, a taxi driver from the Würzburg Germany region. "So, I explored surgical options such as gastric bypass surgery or lap band." "But I was not overweight enough ironically, for these operations."

Then offered her a chance to participate in a study of an innovative stomach "Pacemaker" to curb appetite the University Hospital of Würzburg and weight control.

Zeigler embraced the idea, largely due to the reversibility of the treatment. "In other words, it can be removed again and again without lasting repercussions on the anatomy of my stomach, such as [is] in a gastric bypass surgery," noted Zeigler.

Ten months after receipt of the implantable device, what she said Zeigler a "simple" operation, it has lost about 80 pounds and led it. "I quickly noticed success, because in the first few weeks that I lost 20 kilos [44 pounds] and my motivation increases fading with each kilo," she said.

The device still not approved is based manufacturer, IntraPace "Abiliti" of his California for use in the United States. According to the company, the device in the stomach is implanted during a one-hour laparoscopic procedure of small insertions in the abdominal wall.

Available the device used their food detection sensor sense, or drinks once when a patient eats. This causes low energy electrical impulses to nerves issue there, cause the quick satiety.

According to IntraPace users can feel "a sensation" of the small pulses, the device provides. Zeigler said that in her case, "the feeling of fullness occurs much earlier now than before."

A sensor also tracks the eating activity and levels of patients, send physical effort information automatically on a computer, so that patients and doctors can easily monitor (and customize) eating and exercise habits.

"This is not the patients of the police, but help promote positive results," explains Chuck Brynelson, IntraPace's CEO.

To this day a complete trial, together with a second in the Gange--both funded IntraPace--the instrument, a total of 65 patients tested. Both studies have to the assessment was the device safety and effectiveness, rather than a comparison with other weight loss methods or medications.

The results of the first study were presented at the 2009 International Federation for the surgery of obesity and metabolic disorders meeting. In this study, study author Thomas HORBACH, of Schwabach, Germany, obese individuals with the initial pre-implant body mass index (BMI) between 35 and 55 (30 is the statistical threshold for obesity) recruited.

Lowered upon receipt of the device, the participants their daily food intake in an average of 45 percent, said the researchers and they lost 22 percent of overweight on average within one year after implantation.

IntraPace acknowledges that standard gastric bypass surgery at present still more dramatic Ergebnisse--usually a 50 to 60 percent loss of overweight is produced within a year. Another type of bariatric surgery, gastric reached postoperative banding between 34 percent and 38 percent weight loss during the first year.

However the company out there that come the more invasive bypass and banding operations with more risks: 0.5 to 0.05 percent of such patients die, or; while 23 to 32 percent of the patients and 88 to 93 percent of the gastric band bypass recipients you will experience significant side effects. So far, said called the pacemaker operation, no loss and no major side effects in those that you have received, IntraPace.

But some US weight loss experts remain less than enthusiastic about the device.

Dr. Mitchell Roslin, Chief of bariatric surgery at the Northern Westchester hospital in Mount Kisco, New York, said that he "very bearish view" of gastric pacemaker technology, will close as the effect of "a glorified placebo."

"Not so just switch on the type of sophisticated communication that goes on between the stomach, the nerves and the brain like a light switch is," he said. "It is not just about the nerves on pulse and hope that, that imitates the manner of the stomach signals brain." But the simple state of obesity pacemaker technology today is that all what we can do at the moment until the voltage or drop the voltage. "And my opinion, this is simply not good enough."

Other experts, registered dietician and Assistant Professor of clinical nutrition Lona Sandon, the University of Texas Southwestern Dallas, said it remains to be seen whether stomach could have pacemakers to play an important role in weight loss.

"Of course, it could another tool in the field to help, the problem of obesity," she said. "Of course the studies to play and see, what are the risks." "But it seems that it is much less invasive and has the potential for less surgical exposures on bariatric surgery, the a pretty serious operation, which can cause many complications."

It is to determine costs: according to Brynelson, Abiliti now, cost between $20,000 and $23,000, includes the device and implantation in the stomach. It is based on costs in the UK, where the device for use recently was released.

Brynelson said that discussions between Intrapace and the U.S. Administration in progress are food and drug, to outline the parameters of the new studies carried out before the device for American patients could be approved. In the most optimistic scenario, which would happen not before 2014, he said.

Sandon stresses that intervention of weight loss ideally should include lifestyle changes. She said "With one of these devices, with which you could less food, you still need to be careful what you in the mouth and make healthy food choices and physical activity for the promotion of health as a whole to increase". "Operation replaced not good nutrition." Any kind of implantable devices. "Habits are still key for overall health long term."

Abiliti receiver Zeigler said she could no longer with this Council agree.

"[My weight loss] is also due to a change of eating and living habits," said she, inclined towards salads and grains, that since the operation they "a strong desire and will to lose weight" with an avoiding fast food and a diet.

More information

More standard-weight loss surgery options, visit the US national institutes of health.

Pregnant mothers diet relating to child obesity: study (AFP)

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Pacific Nations fight obesity epidemic (AFP)

NUKU'ALOFA (AFP) - on Tonga's supermarket shelves, large cans of corned beef, that the size of the paint cans traditional cuisine such as fish and coconuts before long time-replaced a contribution to an obesity epidemic, which sees the Pacific place in the world as the fattest.

Meat in Tonga comes almost without exception in the can, unless Turkey Breast, meat loaf, lunch meat or spam in a variety of forms, including purchased can smoked, with Chili or laced with cheese for an additional calories hit.

The common denominator, Tonga? s says Chief Medical Officer Malakai ake, is that the "junk"meat are loaded with salt and saturated fats, i.e. Islanders expanding waist.

"This is the biggest problem facing Tonga," he told AFP, citing rising levels of weight-related of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and strokes among islanders.

"Every other day there is a funeral, a neighbor, a relative, a friend next door." "It is always heart disease, diabetes, it is ridiculous".

The Ministry of health for Tongan says more as is 90 percent of the total population as overweight and obese is more than 60 percent.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) data published in the last year is Pacific island States, eight of the top 10 countries where the male population overweight or obese.

Weight disorders are responsible for three quarters of all deaths in the region, Fiji-based WHO nutritionist Temo Waqanivalu, prices in some Pacific near means Nations with diabetes to 50 percent.

He said "it a problem that health systems have to deal with,".

"If you walk in a hospital in one of the Pacific countries, about 75-80 percent of the operations the result non-communicable diseases with obesity linked."

Experts say economic, cultural and lifestyle factors have combined epidemic to obesity, which make a growing problem all over the world is acute in the Pacific Ocean.

AKE said the traditional lifestyle, where kept fit by agriculture and fishing, gave people a more settled existence in recent years and motor vehicles were more readily available.

"In my young days, we all go and swim," he said. "Now people use the car to go a little way down the road."

Traditional diet is based on fish and root crops have fallen also favor, replaced with fatty foods imported from Western countries who see Islanders as convenient and prestigious.

"they are not with the glamour and frills of imported foodstuffs compete," said Waqanivalu, adding that cash strapped is often hardly a consumer in the Pacific Ocean choice of poor nutrition choices.

"In some countries, it is cheaper to buy a carbonated drinks as a bottle of water."

"If it down the aisle of the supermarket, likely that the last thing people are looking is the nutrition information, at the price they are looking for."

Pacific Islanders sometimes argue that they are of course great frames and are more prone for setting, though it rejects a theory, the Waqanivalu to weight than other people.

He said a large scale had long seen as a sign of the State in the Pacific Ocean, but the message was slowly off, which is greater than not necessarily better.

"We are people, which is great OK say but is bold is different and that is what we begin to see," he said.

Obesity helped Tonga's late King Tupou IV, who died in 2006, in the 1990's, awareness of as a national diet and exercise routine he organized after receiving warnings from his doctors about his weight.

Listed by the Guinness Book of records as the heaviest monarch in the world with nearly 210 kg (463 pounds), he allegedly lost 70 lbs.

But Tonga the current Prime Minister Lord Tüzhä ivakano said can be done to the problem of obesity and to combat imports such as mutton damper restrict his Government-cheap, fatty sheep offcuts popular would look at in the country.

"We have to go back to the old way, just eat good food-taro, Kumaras (sweet potatoes), sweet potatoes," he said

"It is a question saying: 'we're sorry, you have to find an alternative', probably eating fish instead of mutton flaps."

PA weight loss doc charged with attack on women (AP)

CONSHOHOCKEN, PA: suburban Philadelphia weight loss doctor touched six patients inappropriate and at least one said that sex with him lose would help their unwanted pounds, said authorities in charge of doctor with indecent assault.

Arie, Oren, 64, of Narberth, made unwanted sexual advances on patients in the clinic Conshohocken said weight control authorities. He appeared on $ 100,000 bail after his arrest Monday in several ways, as well as the aggravated indecent indecent assault. Phone messages were immediately returned links not Tuesday by the associated press at a home list for Oren and his Office. Be lawyer a request for comment back immediately.

Between September and December 2010, police reported several female patients that she incorrectly prosecutors said the binary representation of Oren while been touched their weight loss sessions, Montgomery County. Oren often masked his progress as "fat burning massages," authorities said.

"To help with weight loss go as follows for a woman to a doctor, this is such a personal matter, and then have the doctor sexually touch, try their kiss, such personal comments, which is only a complete betrayal doctor should do what" Montgomery County District Attorney Risa Vetri Ferman said at a press conference, after the Philadelphia Inquirer.

Oren was in trouble with the law before. Mid-90's he pleaded insurance fraud guilty to two years in prison and sentenced to three years probation and to pay $272,000 in restitution, according to court documents.

Overweight children wrist size can heart disease predict (HealthDay)

Monday, April 11 HealthDay News)-the wrist size of children overweight or obese and can open to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, put teens, says a new study.

Italian researchers measured wrist circumference of 477 overweight or obese young people, average age of 10 years. You used to measure also a painless nuclear imaging technique on about 50 of the children to the fat and bony areas of the wrist.

Blood tests were performed to measure the children insulin levels and amount of insulin resistance.

Authors the study came to the conclusion that wrist was size 12 to 17 per cent of the total variance of insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance - a condition where the body has difficulty with insulin to break blood glucose-is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown an association between high blood insulin levels and increased mass.

The study is published in the journal circulation April 11.

"This is the first evidence that wrist size is on the detection of insulin resistance, highly correlated" senior author Dr. Raffaella Buzzetti, the Sapienza University of Rome, said in a press release journal. "Wrist size is easily measured, and if our work is confirmed by future studies, wrist size could be one day used to predict risk of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease."

It said the wrist bony tissue, not the fat tissue, that insulin resistance explains the researcher.

More information

The Nemours Foundation has more about overweight and obesity in children.

If a salad is a salad? Why dieters labels easily confused are (time.com)

Dieter's is a focused range: calculate calories, sugar and fat content and conscientious questions for salad dressing on the side. Right? Not exactly. According to a new study tend to be dieters actually make judgments about which to eat based only on the label, align instead of ingredients.

"In the course of time dieters learn to focus on simply avoiding foods that they recognize as banned based on product name" Caglar Irmak, Assistant Professor of marketing at the University of South Carolina, said the authors, Beth Vallen, Assistant Professor of marketing at the Loyola University Maryland. and Stefanie rose Robinson, a student at University of South Carolina, in a statement (PDF). "So dieters should assume that an item is a junk name (such as pasta) less healthy as an element associated with a healthy name (such as salad), and they spend time more product information, that their trials can have, not."

In view of the widespread health products washed currently on store shelves - potato chips as "Veggie chips," milk shakes sold as "Smoothies", sugary drinks newly positioned as "flavored water", which could lead to much confusion, so the authors.

(More on time.com: "why consider overweight people get more, not less food want to makes")

In a series of experiments, participants - the researchers asked some, some, were the diet, the not - to the relative to evaluate good food, and these ratings against how much people uses measured. In an experiment people were healthy imagine ordering from a lunch menu and how either the "daily special salad" or the "daily special pasta" was asked. They were given ingredient lists and photos of the starters, who exactly the same - both contained Romaine lettuce, diced tomatoes, onions, peppers, pasta shells, salami, mozzarella and a savory herb vinaigrette. Both amounted to 900 calories, with 60 grams of fat. The only difference was that a salad, and the other, pasta has been called.

The label alone was not the Nondieters' enough to the Diätetiker-but - affect ratings. If the product was called pasta, the dieters rated it as much less healthy than Nondieters. Interestingly, when it was called the "healthy", salad, however led to any difference in opinion between the two groups. (But overall dieters believed the same dish, called salad, was healthier.)

This is because dieters tend to be more sensitive not just, and more motivated taboo foods such as pasta, ice cream, potato chips and candy - as people who are at all times their weight to certain names, to avoid them. On the other hand their judgment is healthy-sounding foods however, otherwise as Nondieters'. The typical Dieter strategy not to necessarily more good food to eat, but to avoid bad.

(More on time.com: "health washing: is" healthy "Fast food for real?")

Are why deceive not easily Nondieters product labels? The authors write:

it is important to note here that we do not believe that reviews immune are the Nondieters the food name against the impact is that these people are usually food evaluate more systematically as dieters. In fact, we argue that the reason which has product name is no effect on Nondieters evaluations, that it neither the implicit associations between certain categories of foods evaluate the motivation, spontaneously to food and to do that dieters

in other words, People who are busy with weight loss not just less interested about these things.

In another experiment, dieters and Nondieters were asked, the to and flavour of sour Jelly Belly jelly beans - presented as "Fruit Chews" or "Chews candy." Not only were dieters of likely to rate that chew the candy as healthy and less tasty than Nondieters, but also, ironically, less they ate more of the snack if it was known as fruit chews.

(More on time.com: "can a mother pregnancy diet affect her child future weight?")

Seems as if dieters are so busy avoiding a long list of "forbidden" foods which don't do they note what are really important: the product ingredients, not the marketing hype.

The study was published in Journal of consumer research.

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Nurses can help some children obesity (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - a program including regular follow-ups with nurses and concentrated himself tries again on TV, fast food, cut and sodas seems some overweight and obese children from hold, more weight gain, according to a new study.

In particular girls in General and children were from households with an income of less than $50,000, to gain less weight in the course of a year if they were in the program.

But it seemed no impact on boys or in children from households with higher income.

"We are fighting a little to understand" why it not help children, study author Dr. Elsie Taveras Harvard Medical school told Reuters Health.

"We do not design it as an intervention specifically for children of low-income populations", but for the population in particular and for girls, it had a great impact, she said.

Plus, children who received the intervention cut back seemed television 30 minutes per day, and they on their less likely to soda and consume fast food. It is possible, with more time, these changes can affect your weight, and them to the authors to follow, for another year to find out, Taveras said.

Other studies have shown a link between television and obesity in children. Although this television program but not weight total affected, said the two still likely the researchers are connected. "I think it is quite possible the changes in the behaviour, the (weight) catch changes."

The intervention turned to primary care doctors, can live as the same healthy messages in other aspects of children daycare, community centers, schools - integration have added a larger influence Taveras. "Much more effective than what we see in only the primary care setting could the additive effects of consistent messages and more reinforcements."

The additional cost would be value. According to the study published in the archives of Pediatrics & adolescent medicine, more than 1 in 5 US children aged between 2 and 5 are overweight, and obese more 1 in 10.

During the study Taveras and her colleagues randomly assigned to overweight and obese children aged 2 to 6 to either normal care from their primary care physicians or a new program designed to lose weight.

The program consisted of frequent check-in the with a nurse practitioner, which is focused on it again on TV, fast food and soda helps weight and especially ideas, to lose, so cut.

It requires a completely new way of working, Taveras said. For example, nurses have been trained in how to motivate and support the children and their parents to change. In the clinics electronic health records have been updated to doctors order tests and remind other services.

After a year, none of the two groups of children, a total weight - lost so that the program not in this respect was successful. Girls who received the intervention but significantly less weight than young - won 0.4 points of less in a BMI chart, which in size and weight factors.

Children, whose Haushalte earned almost $50,000 or less also won 1 full BMI point less than children who just a year with their primary care doctors checked, treated.

Measures developed, to lose weight children often erfolglos-but still worthwhile value, Dr. Robert Klesges said at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, which was not involved in the study.

Last year Klesges and his team found that African American girl, who in a programme designed to prevent always fettleibig-- by it goals for healthy diet and exercise at the teach their parents about the provision of healthy Nahrungsmitteln--were just as good weight gain as a girl, who participated in a programme of General self-esteem.

The studies are expensive, but "very important," he told Reuters Health, due to the frequency of obesity in children, and the damage it can do to their health. "It is a major health problem, we can not stop trying."

Source: http://bit.ly/eNt0lp archives of Pediatrics & adolescent medicine, online 4 April 2011.

Experimental drug weight loss seems to work: study (HealthDay)

By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay reporter Steven Reinberg
HealthDay reporter Mon Apr 11, 11:48 pm ET

Sunday, April 10 HealthDay News)-obese patients who a high dose of an investigational weight loss pill called lost Qnexa on average 22 pounds more than a year, and at the same time reduce their cholesterol levels and blood pressure numbers, a new study has found.

Qnexa is a combination of two drugs: phentermine, the most widely used weight loss drug in the United States, currently under various brand names, as well as a generic. and topiramate (Topamax), known as a drug for epilepsy and migraine to facilitate.

Qnexa was recently as a weight loss help from the U.S. food and drug administration, refused because there not enough data on the risk of birth defects and heart problems in relation to the drug. Topiramate has been with women at increased risk for cleft palate, who took the drug born children combined.

The new study by Vivus, Qnexa's maker, suggest that "the combination of topiramate and phentermine if managed some lifestyle advice could be a valuable treatment for obesity,", said lead researcher Dr. Kishore Gadde, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the programme obesity clinical studies at Duke University Medical Center.

One reason for the significant weight loss is that these drugs by various mechanisms work, said Gadde. "In a treatment [with] the more mechanisms that you have there is a greater likelihood reach a large proportion of the patients, the type of weight loss, we hope," he said.

Also speculated the combination of drugs the side effect profile for each drug can change it. "The thinking behind the combination of drugs is that some of the side effects could actually raise," said Gadde. "Topiramate a stimulant, so that they negate the side effects of each other could be effects that fatigue and phentermine is."

Topiramate cause also mood swings can phentermine more uplifting, although he added.

The report is published in the April 11 online edition of the Lancet.

In this study multimedia center called cutters, assigned Gadde's team randomly almost 2,500 overweight and obese men and women, diet and exercise to advice alone or in conjunction with daily low - or high-dose Qnexa in pill form advice. During high-dose birth control pills 15 mg phentermine and 92 mg of topiramate include contained 7.5 milligrams (mg) of phentermine and 46 mg of topiramate, low-dose Qnexa.

Lost to 56 weeks patients to either dose of Qnexa significantly more weight than those who only in the consulting program researchers participated found.

Not in the drug combo had compared an average weight loss of 3 pounds, 18 pounds for those on low-dose Qnexa and 22 pounds for those on the high-dose Qnexa.

In addition, while 21 percent of respondents to the consultation alone was at least 5 percent of their weight, the numbers rose 62 percent of those polled on low dosed Qnexa and 70 percent for those with high-dose.

In addition the Qnexa saw reductions in their blood pressure, blood cholesterol, triglycerides (a blood fat) and blood sugar levels, Gadde's group, found.

The ideal candidate for this treatment obese and overweight people weighing their health impact, said Gadde.

"If you are looking for weight loss in patients, it should not for cosmetic reasons," he said. "Someone, obesity is an ideal candidate for weight loss [] has health risks."

Noted Gadde, that the weight loss seen was retained in the first year of study in the second year of the process.

Side effects occur in some patients, and were particularly common in the higher dose. In the high dose Qnexa most common side effects were dry mouth (21%), paresthesia or a feeling of "needles" (21%), constipation (17%), insomnia, nausea and distorted taste (10 percent).

Paresthesia is a common side effect of phentermine, Gadde mentioned, while the other side-effects on the likely topiramate are associated with.

In the taking of the drugs seemed to increase as the dosage given rose was found also an increased risk of depression and anxiety. About twice the number of people in the high-dose drug group consulting broke the researchers get the study when compared to people alone established.

"Side effects such as depression and anxiety is displayed, you must be careful," said Gadde. "These drugs to someone not type, which is clinically depressed," he added.

According to Gadde, there were no birth defects under each of the newborn, the 34 women who became pregnant while taking Qnexa in this study.

Ashley Buford, a spokeswoman for Vivus, said the company hopes to resubmit your application for the approval of Qnexa to the FDA by the end of the year.

The study, obesity expert Dr. David L. Katz, Director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of medicine, commented that "this study shows what had we to believe in cause: that weight loss of Office based consultancy Qnexa alone erleichtertsolange people take the drug."

However, the weight loss can he not be expected to, if use of the drug will stop, said.

"In addition we still white, whether Qnexa for long term or even lifelong use is safe, and can thus not yet say whether it is safe and useful for long term weight management," said Katz. "Other drugs, which have in the short term facilitate weight loss didn't translate, long-term use of safe and effective." This bar, that drug must disable a really useful weight loss, ", he said."

More information

More obesity, visit the U.S. National Library of medicine.

Drug combo shows promise for obesity treatment (LiveScience.com)

Rachael Rettner, staff writer, MyHealthNewsDaily,
LiveScience.com Rachael Rettner, staff writer, Myhealthnewsdaily,
LiveScience.com - Mon Apr 11, 3:25 pm ET

A combination of two drugs - together with advice on healthy diet and exercise - may be an effective treatment for obesity, a new study suggests.

Participants at the study, which combination took the drug lost on average than those who took the placebo more weight. Seventy percent of subjects who took a high dose of the two drugs, phentermine and topiramate, experienced a 5 percent weight loss after a year.

The weight loss from this drug combination achieved was greater than in previous studies of patients, the Orlistat was seen, currently the only drug approved for the treatment of obesity in the long run.

The treatment can offer another option for those who failed to lose weight with current therapies, said study of researcher Dr. Kishore M. Gadde obesity clinical studies at Duke University Medical Center, Director of the programme.

"After it you have diet and exercise, only Orlistatfor long term treatment of obesity," Gaddesaid. "And if that help you, you have to surgery jump."

"This closes the gap, which changes the way of life, the treatments for obesity are potentially - diet and exercise - and surgery," said Gadde.

However, others argue highly selected patients in this study - only a few were per month by many, the eligible were chosen - so researchers do not know whether the general population of overweight and obese persons could lose the same amount of weight, said Dr. Pieter Cohen, Assistant General internist at Cambridge Health Alliance, involved in the study was Professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and one.

In addition, patients were not examined, after they stopped taking the medication, so that it is not clear whether the weight loss in the long run could be maintained. Patients may be on the medication for the rest of their lives, Cohen said, and the security of such a scheme is not known.

Although not common in the study, some patients on the drugs experienced serious side effects including anxiety and depression. Side effects were worse with a higher dose of the medication. There concern about the safety of weight loss drugs in recent years. In October, the weight loss meridia drug from the market was taken after it was associated with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. And in February, the food and drug approval administration of weight-loss drug Contrave, citing concerns with the drug heart cardiovascular risks.

"They take what we need to know drugs increase or decrease the number of strokes and heart attacks of these patients will experience," Cohen said.

The study is published online today (April 11) in the journal the Lancet.

Drug combination

Phentermine approved by the food and Drug Administration for the short-term treatment of obesity, which means that it can take patients for about 12 weeks But no rigorously designed studies have investigated the effects of the drug in the long run. Topiramate is a drug for the treatment of seizures. It turned out to support weight loss in the previous studies, but often caused psychiatric side effects at high doses. It was thought that a combination of drugs with lower doses can be easier to bear.

2,487 Overweight or obese people from 93 centers in the United States involved in the new study. Participants were required to have at least two conditions their obesity, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments: a placebo, phentermine and topiramate, or a higher dose of phentermine and topiramate. About 1,000 patients received the placebo, was given the low dose 500 and 1,000 took the high dose of the drug combination. All participants will receive information about healthy eating and lifestyle practices.

After an average 3 pounds (1.4 kg) lost a little more than a year, participants in the placebo group, participants in the lower dose drug combination group lost an average 18 pounds (8.1 kg) and those in the higher dose group lost an average of 22 pounds (10.2 kg).

21 Percent of the participants take the placebo achieved a 5 percent weight loss compared with low dose drug group, this weight loss achieved 62% and 70% in the higher dose drug group.

The drug combination could also lower blood pressure and insulin levels.

The combination of more effective than current obesity treatments possibly because the drugs they have several ways Act drugs on the body to move weight loss.

"If you have a drug with several mechanisms of action, there is a greater chance, which will be much more effective," Gadde said. "The brain has the ability to find a way to eat, if we will change only a small pathway again." "If you the appetite centers from a number of different angles are attacking, may have more success."

More research needed

Future studies need to check whether the drug combination effective as aggressive lifestyle would be intervention, Cohen said. In this study, participants were given reading describe healthy habits, but this type of intervention look not effective, he said. Cohen said aggressive interventions that strategically are helping patients about their weight loss and meeting with nutritionists, lead has been shown up to 10 percent weight loss.

Without this data, Cohen will suspect it is unlikely that the food and drug combination drug for the treatment of obesity, would allow administration, said Cohen.

"In fact, the FDA taken the data from this study and in the last year denied probably the benefits outweigh consent for this combination, since the risks" Cohen said, referring to the FDA decision last year, denied the approval in October, Qnexa, a drug which combined phentermine and topiramate. "This is a very small select group of patients, compare medications for doing nothing, and that is not the type of data that we need to decide whether a drug is really to make a difference in the lives of overweight and obese patients."

Passing on: A combination of two drugs after a year to a 10 percent weight loss in obese individuals generated. However, more research is needed to determine whether the results apply to the general population and investigate the safety of drugs.

MyHealthNewsDaily staff writer Rachael Rettner follow on Twitter @ RachaelRettner.

This story was provided by MyHealthNewsDaily, a sister website LiveScience.