Dieters can now purchase genetic testing that claim to help lose weight. The tests, the $170 or more costs can, people say, how their diet to achieve maximum weight loss to make compatible with their genes.
A test, manufactured by Interleukin Genetics, tells customers whether they will fall more pounds on a low-fat, one is based low-carbohydrate diet or a rounded on their genes, says the company.
A study by the company carried out and presented at the 2010 meeting of the American Heart Association, women whose diets lost their genetic test results two to three times more weight than those compared their diets allegedly not compatible with their genes was found.
These results sound promising, but experts warn that such tests are not yet ready for prime time. Scientists are just the beginning, genes, to discover which in obesity and weight loss. We are far from the time when this information will be useful for all, said Dr. Lee Kaplan, Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital weight Center in Boston.
"There is no question there is genetic predisposition to obesity," Kaplan said. "However in any case, it is strong enough evidence to suggest that we create certain genes that know certain diets, success or failure," he said.
For now, experts say, it is probably the best centuries less eat old advice, exercise more and more fruit and vegetables in your diet stick.
"I would rather spend $170 on fruit and vegetables and other healthy food and cooking at home as on a genetic test", said Dr. Pieter Cohen, Assistant Professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and one General internist at Cambridge Health Alliance.
Diet help-your genes
Begins with the sale of its weight management genetic test of Interleukin Genetics, in 2009. Like other genetic tests directly consumer markets, as the information provided by 23andMe, has been approved by the food and drug administration.
The company says it reviewed scientific studies and body weight, body mass index, or body fat, which was also involved, four genes in how people react, identified to diet and exercise. These genes are involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates and the absorption or metabolism of fat in the body.
To run the test, swab dieters their cheeks and e-Mail in the samples. Staff test DNA in the samples to see which version of the four genes has the person. Some mix of the two said customers are sensitive to carbohydrates, classified sensitive to fat, or neither, Ken Kornman, chief scientific officer of interleukin.
Diet CARB sensitive people will benefit from a low-carb and fat-sensitive patients benefit to the company from a low-fat diet, so that customers reduce the carbohydrates or fats be said in their diet to a specific value. Those who are classified as "in between" or "not" shall be allocated in General healthy eating, not with itself brings back on FAT or carbohydrates cut.
The company recommends not special diets such as such as the Atkins diet. Instead, customers are told reduction of carbohydrates and fats in their diet to a specific value. Clients are able to access an online tool that pursue them, how well they can be. "It not thought a strict diet that says that this the only is that, that you can eat", said Kornman. "It is rather to some guidelines provide."
Two Canadian companies, Newtopia and triumph training and a South African company, DNAlysis, produce similar genetic testing for diet and exercise.
Criticism
But experts say genes associate with weight loss studies based on large populations, and it is unclear whether they apply to persons.
"It is very regrettable this people use already is sold," Cohen said.
And even if researchers firmly down freeze genes that influence obesity and weight loss, it is dozens likely, if not hundreds of participants, gene Kaplan said.
Although advertises the Interleukin Genetics of its recent study, experts point out is it unpublished in a peer-reviewed journal. Publication is essential to determine whether the results are valid, said Katherine Tallmadge, a registered dietician and author of "Easy diet" (lifeline press, 2011).
"I will wait to see more before I would advise people to invest in such technology" said Tallmadge.
Some researchers are already skeptical. The 101 obese women in the study were only five "balanced" said on a diet to respond based on their genes.
"We have decades of data in the weight loss, a balanced diet is the way to go," Cohen said. "they say that react with their test, only 5 percent of the people for a balanced diet," he said. The study provides no evidence that women were able to keep their weight for a year.
Can they be useful?
Registered dieticians working a good idea about which diet best for a specific person, can get by collecting a detailed medical and family history, said Tallmadge. For example, if someone has high triglycerides in their blood, they probably have a genetic predisposition for it, Tallmadge said, and their diet can adjust a dietician.
But "this is not to say that a test as not useful," said Tallmadge. Research on the interaction between diet and genetics is an exciting field, she said. Genetic testing may be particularly useful for people with undiagnosed rare genetic conditions that obstruct the inclusion of a specific nutrient, she said.
But some question remains whether genetic knowledge will be the answer for many overweight people.
"I there expect a continuing explosion of research in this area," Cohen said. "But this time is really unknown or not, which is reflected in real advantage for us as a society."
"[I] think that a deep understanding of the genes of obesity aggressive public health approaches to the obesity epidemic is not as effective as seriously," improving access to healthy foods and promote activities in the workplace, said Cohen.
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